Examining the Image Problem in China-Africa Relations

Document Type : Original Research

Author
A. Esmaeili Ardakani
Asistant Professor, Faculty of International Relations, Allameh Tabataba'i University
Abstract


Recent critical studies have raised concerns about the dynamics of international competition in Africa, particularly regarding China's influence and its cooperation with both national and local elites. While some observers emphasize these risks, many African intellectuals and practitioners perceive China's presence as both effective and beneficial, especially highlighting the transformative impact of Chinese infrastructure initiatives on the continent. This divergence in perspectives has led to the categorization of the images emerging from China–Africa relations into three distinct types: African perceptions of China from a global perspective, from a multilateral perspective, and from a bilateral perspective. In light of these debates, the central question of this study is: what are the foundations of the problem-oriented image in China–Africa relations from the perspectives of stakeholders on both sides? The hypothesis suggests that the images of China in Africa and Africa in China are not solely shaped by China’s competition with major powers. Instead, the agency of African states plays a decisive role. Contrary to portrayals that depict these states as passive actors, they actively pursue diversification of their international partnerships. This creates a competitive environment in which they construct a positive self-image while simultaneously shaping a negative image of China.

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