اسلام سیاسی از منظر رهبران احزاب سیاسی ترکیه: مطالعه تطبیقی احزاب رفاه و عدالت و توسعه

نوع مقاله : پژوهشی اصیل

نویسندگان
1 استاد تمام دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی
2 دانشجو دکتری
چکیده




چکیده:

علی­رغم تلاش­‌هایی که در دوران حکومت آتاتورک برای کنار زدن اسلام از صحنه سیاسی ترکیه انجام شد؛ اسلام‌ سیاسی توانست‌ به‌ عنوان‌ یک‌ بازیگر مؤثر در نظام سیاسی‌ باقی‌ بماند. در میان احزاب سیاسی، دو حزب رفاه و عدالت و توسعه به عنوان دو بازیگر اثرگذار در ایجاد و تغییر قرائت‌های متفاوت از اسلام سیاسی شناخته می‌شوند. نجم الدین اربکان و رجب طیب اردوغان به عنوان رهبران این احزاب، در مدت فعالیت خود تلاش کرده‌اند علاوه بر حفظ اسلام سیاسی، نگرش مدنظرشان از اسلام سیاسی را در عرصه اجتماعی تبیین نمایند.

در این تحقیق با هدف شناخت دقیق از انواع نگرش­ها به اسلام سیاسی ترکیه در پی پاسخ به این سؤال هستیم که: «وجوه تشابه و تمایز دو حزب رفاه و عدالت و توسعه به عنوان دو پرچم­‌دار مهم اسلام­‌گرایی ترکیه، به اسلام سیاسی چگونه است؟».

یافته­‌های پژوهش نشان می­‌دهد که هر دو حزب، اسلام سیاسی را به عنوان هسته مرکزی تفکر خود پذیرفته و با دوری از اعمال خشونت برای تغییر نظام سیاسی، تلاش کرده­اند تا در قالب حزب سیاسی، خود را با نظام دموکراتیک و لاییک ترکیه سازگار نمایند. از جمله وجوه تمایز میان این دو حزب نیز می­‌توان به تأکید همه­ جانبه حضور دین در اجتماع حزب رفاه در برابر عدم پذیرش حضور همه­جانبه دین در اجتماع حزب عدالت و توسعه اشاره نمود. در واقع حزب عدالت و توسعه را می­‌توان مبلّغ قرائتی لیبرال از اسلام سیاسی معرفی نمود که خود را از اسلام سیاسی سنتی حزب رفاه متمایز کرده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

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